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Serum Protein Electrophoresis

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Indications:

Simple and inexpensive way, this review allows to know the blood composition protide, mainly albumin and globulins.

Principle:

Albumin is preferentially secreted by the liver, and globulins, by lymphocytes: the dose is therefore a good way to assess the operation of these two sources of production.

Placed in a basic medium and in an electric field, proteins migrate according to their electric charge can thus be separated.

Technique:

Sampling 5 mL of venous blood in a dry tube.

dose is at the same time the hematocrit.

Results:

Cellulose acetate strip placed in the electric field, the proteinic stains are highlighted by a dye.

Normal values:

– Adults: total protein: 60 to 80 g / L:

  – Albumin 35 to 50 g / L (conversion: gx = 1.45 micromol), 60%.

  – Α-1 globulin: 1.5 to 3.5 g / L or 4%,

  – Α-2 globulin: 3-9 g / L, or 8%

  – Β-globulin: 6-12 g / L, or 12%

  – Γ-globulin 7.5 g to 16 g / L, 16%,

– In children: total protein: 45 to 70 g / L at birth; they join the 3 years to adult rates.

Pathological changes:

– Hypoalbuminemia is a sign of:

  – Undernutrition,

  – Hepatic cirrhosis,

  – nephrotic syndrome,

  – Intestinal malabsorption, chronic diarrhea,

  – Right heart failure,

  – Inflammation (increased α-1 and β-2 above);

– Hypergammaglobulinemia is a sign of:

  – Infection or parasitic disease in the long term,

  – Autoimmune disease, LED,

  – Chronic liver disease: hepatitis (increased β and γ)

  – Monoclonal lymphocytic reached with narrowband (myeloma): interest in cases of immuno to recover the increased GI;

– Hypergammaglobulinemia, rare but serious, can be:

  – Congenital,

  – Due to liver damage or acute lymphocytic reached.

Cost:

B60.

Practical advice:

Engaging in parallel dosing hematocrit retrieves hemoconcentration or hemodilution that can skew results; the hematocrit then resets a possible misinterpretation.

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