Tag: HIV
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Acute renal failure during HIV infection
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Generalities: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common complication in HIV-positive patients for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).It occurs on average 4.5 years after the diagnosis of seropositivity. The etiologies of the IRA are multiple. Acute tubular necrosis of ischemic origin is the leading cause of ARI in HIV patients. It mainly complicates shock and sepsis. It is favored…
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HIV viral load
Indications: This examination is an aid to prognosis and especially the monitoring of anti-HIV therapy. Principle: The virus is either within the cell or in the plasma as viral particles. The measurement of the plasma viral RNA corresponds to the amount of free virus particles in plasma. Technique: Sampling 10 ml of citrated blood tube…
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HIV Infection and AIDS
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– AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is the most severe form of HIV infection (HIV). – There are two serotypes. HIV-1 is the most common. HIV-2 is found mainly in West Africa. Its virulence and its transmission are lower than those of HIV-1. – HIV affects the immune system and leads to a deficit of CD4…
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Candidiasis Mucocutaneous
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Warning: • The fungus Candida is a commensal gut but its presence in the mouth, vagina and on the skin is pathological. • Contributing factors are: diabetes, obesity, estrogen plus progestin contraception, a systemic antibiotic treatment and immunosuppression (including HIV). • A chronic pharyngeal and oral candidiasis in a young person has to suspect HIV…
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Parotidomegaly
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Ia parotidomegaly swelling is located above and behind the angle of the jaw, in front of the tragus and lobule of the ear flap. She may be : – Unilateral or bilateral; – Sudden or gradual onset; – Asymptomatic or be part of a more general context: infectious, inflammatory, painful, impaired general condition, weight loss.…
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Peripheral neuropathy
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1- Ethyl Polyneuropathy: direct toxicity of alcohol; vitamin deficiency B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), PP (niacin) and folate. Sensorimotor the lower limbs. Abolition of the Achilles contrasting with a vivacity of patella (at first). No Korsakoff syndrome sphincter disorders. retrobulbar optic neuropathy; increased GGT and MCV. 2- Toxic neuropathies: * Lead: mainly motor impairment; beginner multiple…
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Prolonged fever
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We deal here that prolonged unexplained fevers. The diagnostic approach to acute fever is bad schématisable effect. It depends too associated symptoms, and would amount to treat each other of all infectious diseases. Although the possible causes prolonged fever are multiple, the diagnostic process is fairly stereotypical: – Ensure that it is a fever; –…
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Screening for HIV infection
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Diagnosis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains in France a city of medicine current problem.Besides the mandatory reporting of AIDS disease introduction there more than 20 years, the introduction of mandatory reporting of HIV infection from 2003 gives us precise information on the evolution of the epidemic. The estimated number of people infected…
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Thrombocytopenia
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Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count below 150 x 109 / L (150 000 / mm3). It can be of central origin default production or consumption by peripheral, abnormal distribution or immunological destruction by antiplatelet antibodies in particular during the immune thrombocytopenic purpura (Fig. 1). There is no rule in clinical impact when the…
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Splenomegaly
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Positive diagnosis: 1- Circumstances of discovery: • Sometimes the spleen is sought before the typical functional signs: splénalgie (left upper quadrant pain increased to the deep and radiating inspiration ramp to the left shoulder) or pain type postprandial heaviness, fullness gastric or digestive disorders bastards. • Sometimes the discovery of splenomegaly was guided by a suggestive…
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