Tag: Clostridium
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Tetanus
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Tetanus is a severe infection caused by Clostridium tetani bacterium found in soil and human and animal waste. The infection is not contagious. C. tetani is introduced into the body from a wound and produces a toxin whose action on the central nervous system is responsible for the symptoms of tetanus. Tetanus is completely preventable…
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General information on Clostridium
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Clostridium are Gram-positive spore forming bacilli, anaerobes. I – CLASSIFICATION: Among the bacilli and gram-positive cocci forming endospores, there are different kinds: Bacilli Cocri Aerobic Bacillus Sporosarcina Sporolactobacillus Oscilhspira Strict anaerobes Clostridium Desulfomaculum The observation of the spore is not always obvious, and put it in evidence using the properties conferred by this structure: –…
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General information on anaerobes
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I – Physiology: Strictly anaerobic bacteria are bacteria hypersensitive to the action of oxygen (anoxybiontiques). They produce their energy and perform their biosynthetic reactions in the absence of the electron acceptor. Most (exceptions) do not have the conventional enzyme respiratory systems called: cytochromes, catalase, peroxidase. They produce energy during fermentation processes. These bacteria do not…
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Anaerobic Cocci
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Within pathogenic anaerobic cocci to man, there are cocci: – Gram positive: Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus, – Gram-Negative: Veillonella. These species occupy a significant place in the isolated anaerobes in pathology, as gram-positive cocci are based on French studies between 11 and 37% of anaerobic strains encountered in hospitals. I – CLASSIFICATION: We distinguish among Gram-positive…
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Clostridium Tetani
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Clostridium tetani, formerly known as bacillus Nicolaier, is a gram-positive bacillus spore forming, anaerobic strict, which releases a neurotropic exotoxin entramant a formidable poisoning: tetanus. Despite the existence of an effective vaccine, tetanus is not a rare disease. HISTORY: Already described by Hippocrates, tetanus has been well studied by Larrey during the Napoleonic campaigns. Nicolaier…
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Clostridium Perfringens
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Known as the agent of gas gangrene or postpartum sepsis, Clostridium perfringens is currently isolated in food poisoning of tissue or systemic infections. HISTORY: Isolated for the first time in 1881, this germ has seen its role in gas gangrene recognized by Welch and Nuttall Frankel and in acute appendicitis by Veillon. The study of…
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Clostridium Difficile
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Clostridium difficile is the etiologic agent of pseudomembranous colitis (CPM); it is also responsible for many cases of diarrhea or colitis consecutive antibiotic therapy. These diseases are caused by the production and action of both toxins in the colon: an enterotoxin and cytotoxin. HISTORY: C. difficile was isolated in 1935 by Hall and O’Toole from…
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Clostridium Botulinum
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This bacterium is responsible for a neurointoxication, botulism. Most often the disease is secondary to the ingestion of preformed toxin in food contaminated by this species. This cosmopolitan disease is daunting. HISTORY: Botulism term is related to the fact that the first described case reports were due to the ingestion of sausage (ofbotulus Latin). In…
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Tetanus
* Toxic infection due to Bacillus Nicolaier (Clostridium tetani) which secretes a neurotoxin (tetanospasmin). Gram + anaerobic bacillus; copro-telluric germ. * Non immunizing Disease -> vaccination is mandatory despite infection with this germ. Incubation of 3 to 30d (M: 8d). Non-contagious disease. * Three conditions must coexist for a tetanus develops: lack of proper vaccination,…
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