Tag: Cancer
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Cancer pains
Cancer is a progressive disease characterized by multiple attacks and leading in one out of two cases to a painful death. Pain that can be parietal, visceral or bone is related to the evolution of the cancer by its local, regional or metastatic progression. Bone metastases are the most common cause of chronic pain in cancer patients. The…
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Cough
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Coughing is a reflex action in which successive inspiration, a brief closing of the glottis, and then immediately after the pressurization of the rib cage, a sudden opening of the glottis, which leads to cough shake. This cough jolt in fact corresponds to a fast flowing expiration. When the cough shakes succeed, they realize the…
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Dysphagia
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Dysphagia is defined as discomfort during food intake.Habitually one distinguishes dysphagia oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia. They can move gradually or acutely. In chronic progressive dysphagia installation, diagnostics eliminate first is that of a tumor pathology, ENT or esophageal. DIAGNOSIS: Examination: The first approach of dysphagia must be a careful examination that first defines the sharp,…
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Breast Cancer Screening
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EPIDEMIOLOGY: Breast cancer is the most common of all cancers in women in industrialized countries. In France, about 42 000 new cases were diagnosed in 2000, representing almost a doubling in twenty years (21 200 cases in 1980). Its annual crude incidence rate was 138 per 100 000 women. Breast cancer accounts for 36% of…
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Screening for cervical cancer
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND AND PRINCIPLES OF SCREENING: The cervical cancer represents 437,000 new cases per year worldwide and about 23 000 deaths. It is the second most common cancer after breast cancer corresponding to approximately 10% of female cancers. 80% of cases occur in developing countries, and 20% in developed countries. In France, about 3,400 cases…
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Colorectal cancer screening and prevention
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Annually in France there are about 36 000 new cases of colorectal cancer. The average age of onset is 70 years. This is a rare cancer before age 50 (less than 5%). Its incidence has increased significantly between 1970 and 1990, which is not only due to the aging population. This cancer is responsible for…
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Lung cancer non-small cell
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* Tobacco: high risk beyond 20 PA; Carcinogenic: benzopyrene and polycyclic hydrocarbons; nitrosamines;phenols; arsenic. * Other FDR: asbestos (amphibole overcoats, for little or no chrysotile); arsenic; nickel; chromium; iron oxide;hydrocarbons; beryllium; ionizing radiation. * Genetic factors: HLA B12 group. * Late effects of tuberculosis -> adenocarcinoma A- Pathology: 1- squamous carcinomas: – 40-50% of lung…
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Small cell lung cancer
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* Tobacco: high risk beyond 20 PA; Carcinogenic: benzopyrene and polycyclic hydrocarbons; nitrosamines;phenols; arsenic. * Other FDR: asbestos (amphibole overcoats, for little or no chrysotile); arsenic; nickel; chromium; iron oxide;hydrocarbons; beryllium; ionizing radiation. * Genetic factors: HLA B12 group. * Late effects of tuberculosis -> adenocarcinoma A- General: * Natural history: Rapid doubling time, particular…
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Esophageal cancer
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A- esophageal squamous cancer: definition, incidence, epidemiological and etiological factors Squamous esophageal cancer, like other cancers of the upper aerodigestive sphere develops from the squamous epithelium. Its incidence is relatively high in France, particularly in the western regions (incidence of 30 per 100,000 inhabitants), where the primary role of alcohol and tobacco has been shown,…
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Smoking
* The cancer increases by 10 the risk of lung cancer; beyond 30 PA risk is 50 times than in non-smoking * This is the major factor in the development of COPD. End-stage parenchymal destruction responsible centrilobular emphysema. * The death rate from coronary heart disease is 15 times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers…
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